THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The present continuous tense is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb be and the present participle:
A Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am working I am not working am I working?
you are working you are not working are you working?
he/she/it is working he/she/it is not working is he/she/it working?
B Contractions: the verb be can be contracted, so the present continuous of any verb can be contracted:
Affirmative Negative Negative interrogative
I'm working I'm not working am I not working?
you 're working you 're not/you aren 't working aren 't you working?
he's working etc. he's not/he isn 't working etc. isn 't he working? etc.
THE SPELLING OF THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
A When an infinitive base ends in a single -e, this -e is dropped before we add the inflectional suffix -ing:
argue, arguing hate, hating love, loving
· except after age, dye and singe:
ageing dyeing singeing
· and verbs ending in -ee:
agree, agreeing see, seeing
B When an infinitive base of one syllable has one vowel and ends in a single consonant, this consonant is doubled before -ing:
hit, hitting run, running stop, stopping
· Verbs of two or more syllables whose last syllable contains only one vowel and ends in a
single consonant double this consonant if the stress falls on the last syllable:
admit, admitting begin, beginning prefer, preferring
· but
budget, budgeting center, entering (stress not on the last syllable).
· A final 1 after a single vowel is, however, always doubled:
signal, signalling travel, travelling except in American English.
C -ing can be added to a verb ending in -y without affecting the spelling of the verb:
carry, carrying enjoy, enjoying hurry, hurrying
D when the infinitive base ends in –ie, it changes into –y and we and -ing, eg
lie – lying, die – dying
I cry I am crying
He cries
argue, arguing hate, hating love, loving
· except after age, dye and singe:
ageing dyeing singeing
· and verbs ending in -ee:
agree, agreeing see, seeing
B When an infinitive base of one syllable has one vowel and ends in a single consonant, this consonant is doubled before -ing:
hit, hitting run, running stop, stopping
· Verbs of two or more syllables whose last syllable contains only one vowel and ends in a
single consonant double this consonant if the stress falls on the last syllable:
admit, admitting begin, beginning prefer, preferring
· but
budget, budgeting center, entering (stress not on the last syllable).
· A final 1 after a single vowel is, however, always doubled:
signal, signalling travel, travelling except in American English.
C -ing can be added to a verb ending in -y without affecting the spelling of the verb:
carry, carrying enjoy, enjoying hurry, hurrying
D when the infinitive base ends in –ie, it changes into –y and we and -ing, eg
lie – lying, die – dying
I cry I am crying
He cries
USES OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
USE 1 Now
Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.
Examples:
· You are learning English now.
· You are not swimming now.
· Are you sleeping?
USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now
In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.
Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)
· I am studying to become a doctor.
· I am not studying to become a dentist.
· I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
When two continuous tenses having the same subject are joined by and, the auxiliary may be dropped before the second verb, as in the above example. This applies to all pairs of compound tenses:
She is knitting and listening to the radio.
USE 3 Near Future
Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.
Examples:
· I am meeting some friends after work.
· I am not going to the party tonight.
· Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
· Isn't he coming with us tonight?
USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"
The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
Examples:
· She is always coming to class late.
· He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
· I don't like them because they are always complaining.
· He is always losing his keys.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Present.
Examples:
· She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct
· She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
· You are still watching TV.
· Are you still watching TV?
ACTIVE/PASSIVE
TO BE (AM, IS, ARE) + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE
Examples:
· Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Active
· Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. Passive
STATE VERBS - VERBS NOT NORMALLY USED IN THE CONTINUOUS TENSES
The continuous tenses are chiefly used for deliberate actions. Some verbs are, therefore, not normally used in the continuous and have only one present tense, the simple present. These verbs can be grouped as follows:
A Verbs of the senses (involuntary actions): feel, hear, see, smell; also notice and observe (= notice), and feel, look, taste used as link verbs
B Verbs expressing feelings and emotions, e.g. admire (= respect), adore, appreciate (= value), care for (= like), desire, detest, dislike, fear, hate, like, loathe, love, mind (= care), respect, value, want, wish.
C Verbs of mental activity, e.g. agree, appreciate (= understand), assume, believe, expect (= think), feel (= think), feel sure/certain, forget, know, mean, perceive, realize, recall, recognize, recollect, remember, see (= understand), see through someone (= penetrate his attempt to deceive), suppose, think ( = have an opinion), trust (= believe/have confidence in), understand. But the continuous can be used with appreciate meaning 'to increase in value'.
D Verbs of possession: belong, owe, own, possess:
How much do 1 owe you?
E The auxiliaries, except be and have in certain uses.
P appear (= seem), concern, consist, contain, hold (= contain), keep (= continue), matter, seem, signify, sound (= seem/appear):
It concerns us all. This box contains explosives.
But appear meaning 'to come before the public' can be used in the continuous.
EXERCISES
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs2.htm
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-continuous-exercise-1.html
Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.
Examples:
· You are learning English now.
· You are not swimming now.
· Are you sleeping?
USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now
In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.
Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)
· I am studying to become a doctor.
· I am not studying to become a dentist.
· I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
When two continuous tenses having the same subject are joined by and, the auxiliary may be dropped before the second verb, as in the above example. This applies to all pairs of compound tenses:
She is knitting and listening to the radio.
USE 3 Near Future
Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.
Examples:
· I am meeting some friends after work.
· I am not going to the party tonight.
· Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
· Isn't he coming with us tonight?
USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"
The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
Examples:
· She is always coming to class late.
· He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
· I don't like them because they are always complaining.
· He is always losing his keys.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Present.
Examples:
· She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct
· She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
· You are still watching TV.
· Are you still watching TV?
ACTIVE/PASSIVE
TO BE (AM, IS, ARE) + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE
Examples:
· Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Active
· Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. Passive
STATE VERBS - VERBS NOT NORMALLY USED IN THE CONTINUOUS TENSES
The continuous tenses are chiefly used for deliberate actions. Some verbs are, therefore, not normally used in the continuous and have only one present tense, the simple present. These verbs can be grouped as follows:
A Verbs of the senses (involuntary actions): feel, hear, see, smell; also notice and observe (= notice), and feel, look, taste used as link verbs
B Verbs expressing feelings and emotions, e.g. admire (= respect), adore, appreciate (= value), care for (= like), desire, detest, dislike, fear, hate, like, loathe, love, mind (= care), respect, value, want, wish.
C Verbs of mental activity, e.g. agree, appreciate (= understand), assume, believe, expect (= think), feel (= think), feel sure/certain, forget, know, mean, perceive, realize, recall, recognize, recollect, remember, see (= understand), see through someone (= penetrate his attempt to deceive), suppose, think ( = have an opinion), trust (= believe/have confidence in), understand. But the continuous can be used with appreciate meaning 'to increase in value'.
D Verbs of possession: belong, owe, own, possess:
How much do 1 owe you?
E The auxiliaries, except be and have in certain uses.
P appear (= seem), concern, consist, contain, hold (= contain), keep (= continue), matter, seem, signify, sound (= seem/appear):
It concerns us all. This box contains explosives.
But appear meaning 'to come before the public' can be used in the continuous.
EXERCISES
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs2.htm
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-continuous-exercise-1.html
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