Present Simple Tense
Form
A In the affirmative the simple present has the same form as the infinitive base but we add an inflectional suffix -(e)s to the infinitive base (bare infinitive) for the third person singular.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative interrogative
I work. I do not work. do I work? do I not work?
SPELLING NOTES
When an infinitive base ends in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -o we add the inflectional suffix -es, instead of -s alone, to form the third person singular:
I kiss, he kisses I box, he boxes
I rush, he rushes I do, he does
I watch, he watches I go, he goes
When an infinitive base ends in -y and in front of it is a consonant we change the -y into -i and add es:
I carry, he carries I copy, he copies I try, he tries
but when an infinitive base ends in -y and in front of it is a vowel there is no change:
I obey, he obeys I say, he says
PRONUNCIATION OF –(E)S
First we have to make a difference between voiced and voiceless sounds.
Voiceless: p t k f θ s ʃ ʧ h
Voiced: b d g v ð z Ʒ ʤ m n ŋ l w r j h All vowels
1. The -(e)s of the simple present tense is pronounced as /z/ after a voiced sound, except /z/, /Ʒ/, and /ʤ/. The voiced sounds are sounds that are produced by vibration of the vocal chords.
Examples: plays, sees, goes, robs, hangs, calls, rams, learns, blurs, clothes, receives
2. The -(e)s of the simple present tense is pronounced as /s/ after a voiceless sound, except /s/, /ʃ/, and /ʧ/. The voiceless sounds are sounds that are produced with no vibration of the vocal chords. The voiceless sounds in English are:
Examples: laughs, talks, stops
3. When a verb ends in pronunciation in /s/, /ʃ/, / ʧ /, /z/, /Ʒ/, and /ʤ/ the -es is pronounced as a separate syllable: /ɪz/.
Examples:
fix -->fixes
kiss -->kisses
wash-->washes
watch-->watches
damage-->damages
memorize-->memorizes
exercise-->exercises
USE 1 Repeated Actions
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
· The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
· The train does not leave at 9 AM.
· When does the train usually leave?
· She always forgets her purse.
USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
Examples:
· Cats like milk.
· Birds do not like milk.
· California is not in the California United Kingdom.
· Windows are made of glass.
· Windows are not made of wood.
· New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future
Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.
Examples:
· The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
· The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
· When does class begin tomorrow?
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.
Examples:
· I am here now.
· He needs help right now.
· He does not need help now.
· He has his passport in his hand.
USE 5 IT CAN BE USED IN NEWSPAPER HEADLINES:
MASS MURDERER ESCAPES PEACE TALKS FAIL
USE 6 IT CAN BE USED FOR DRAMATIC NARRATIVE
This is particularly useful when describing the action of a play, opera etc., and is often used by radio commentators at sports events, public functions etc.:
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
There are adverbs of frequency and adverbs of definite time.
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
There are some adverbs that are used with the Present Simple Tense: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, etc. The question for these advebs is HOW OFTEN.
There are some rules where these adverbs can stand:
1. In front of a main verb, eg.: I always read books
2. Between an auxiliary verb and a main verb, eg.: He doesn’t always come on time.
3. After the verb TO BE, when it is a main verb, eg.: He is always cold.
4. When we want to emphasize, these adverbs are at the very beginning of the sentence, eg.: Sometimes he reads books.
ACTIVE / PASSIVE:
TO BE (AM, IS, ARE) + PAST PARTICIPLE
Examples:
· Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Active
· Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. Passive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkY4mo0VcIQ
http://linoit.com/users/sooneye/canvases/Present%20simple%20tense
Exerecise
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs1.htm
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-simple-exercise-7.html
A In the affirmative the simple present has the same form as the infinitive base but we add an inflectional suffix -(e)s to the infinitive base (bare infinitive) for the third person singular.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative interrogative
I work. I do not work. do I work? do I not work?
SPELLING NOTES
When an infinitive base ends in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -o we add the inflectional suffix -es, instead of -s alone, to form the third person singular:
I kiss, he kisses I box, he boxes
I rush, he rushes I do, he does
I watch, he watches I go, he goes
When an infinitive base ends in -y and in front of it is a consonant we change the -y into -i and add es:
I carry, he carries I copy, he copies I try, he tries
but when an infinitive base ends in -y and in front of it is a vowel there is no change:
I obey, he obeys I say, he says
First we have to make a difference between voiced and voiceless sounds.
Voiceless: p t k f θ s ʃ ʧ h
Voiced: b d g v ð z Ʒ ʤ m n ŋ l w r j h All vowels
1. The -(e)s of the simple present tense is pronounced as /z/ after a voiced sound, except /z/, /Ʒ/, and /ʤ/. The voiced sounds are sounds that are produced by vibration of the vocal chords.
Examples: plays, sees, goes, robs, hangs, calls, rams, learns, blurs, clothes, receives
2. The -(e)s of the simple present tense is pronounced as /s/ after a voiceless sound, except /s/, /ʃ/, and /ʧ/. The voiceless sounds are sounds that are produced with no vibration of the vocal chords. The voiceless sounds in English are:
Examples: laughs, talks, stops
3. When a verb ends in pronunciation in /s/, /ʃ/, / ʧ /, /z/, /Ʒ/, and /ʤ/ the -es is pronounced as a separate syllable: /ɪz/.
Examples:
fix -->fixes
kiss -->kisses
wash-->washes
watch-->watches
damage-->damages
memorize-->memorizes
exercise-->exercises
USES OF THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
· The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
· The train does not leave at 9 AM.
· When does the train usually leave?
· She always forgets her purse.
USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
Examples:
· Cats like milk.
· Birds do not like milk.
· California is not in the California United Kingdom.
· Windows are made of glass.
· Windows are not made of wood.
· New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future
Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.
Examples:
· The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
· The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
· When does class begin tomorrow?
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.
Examples:
· I am here now.
· He needs help right now.
· He does not need help now.
· He has his passport in his hand.
USE 5 IT CAN BE USED IN NEWSPAPER HEADLINES:
MASS MURDERER ESCAPES PEACE TALKS FAIL
USE 6 IT CAN BE USED FOR DRAMATIC NARRATIVE
This is particularly useful when describing the action of a play, opera etc., and is often used by radio commentators at sports events, public functions etc.:
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
There are adverbs of frequency and adverbs of definite time.
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
There are some adverbs that are used with the Present Simple Tense: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, etc. The question for these advebs is HOW OFTEN.
There are some rules where these adverbs can stand:
1. In front of a main verb, eg.: I always read books
2. Between an auxiliary verb and a main verb, eg.: He doesn’t always come on time.
3. After the verb TO BE, when it is a main verb, eg.: He is always cold.
4. When we want to emphasize, these adverbs are at the very beginning of the sentence, eg.: Sometimes he reads books.
ACTIVE / PASSIVE:
TO BE (AM, IS, ARE) + PAST PARTICIPLE
Examples:
· Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Active
· Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. Passive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkY4mo0VcIQ
http://linoit.com/users/sooneye/canvases/Present%20simple%20tense
Exerecise
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs1.htm
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-simple-exercise-7.html
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